author(s) : Abdel-Fattah M. Rizk, Husseiny A. H. Elgendy and Fahem A. Ahmed
description
family name
ADIANTACEAE
Species count in Egypt
represented in egypt with 1 Species
The compounds isolated from Onychium species include flavonoids, andanoids andditerpenoids. Onychiol B (a diterpene alcohol) was identified as one of the cytotoxicprinciples from the aerial parts of Onychium japonicum (Hseu et al., 1980; Xu et al., 1993).
Oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and β-sitosterol were isolated from Onychium lucidum (Xu et al.,1999b; Chen and Zheng, 2008), and daucosterol and β-sitosterol from Onychium contiggum(Xu et al., 1999a).
Petroside M, (an indanone) was also isolated from Onychium japonicum(Hasegawa et al, 1974; Akabori et al., 1980).
Phenolic petrosins viz. onitin (45) and onitisin(46) were identified from Onychium auratum (Banerji et al., 1974a,b) and Onychiumsiliculosum, which also contained onitinoside (47) (Wu et al., 1981b).
Protocatechuic acid,3,4-dihydroxy-acetophenone, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, 2,4-dihdroxybenzaldehyde, syringicacid (Li et al., 2010), 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxybenzyl) -6,7-dihydroxycoumarin and 3-(3′,4’dihydroxyphenyl)- 3,4-dihydroisocoumarin (Li et al., 2011) were isolated from Onychiumjaponicum.
- Flavonoids
In the folk medicine of Formosa, Onychium has been used for treating enteritis,dysentery, abdominal cramps, pyrexia, jaundice, and flu (Wu et al., 1981b; Xu et al., 1999a).
A Chinese medicinal preparation from aqueous extract of Onychium japonicum (Thunb.)Kunze has effects in clearing away heat and toxic materials, stopping bleeding, quenching thirst, stopping vomiting, relieving pain, and promoting granulation, and can be used in chronic gastritis (Zhu, 2004). Cosmetics, containing Onychium japonicum extract can eliminate oxygen free radicals, reduce wrinkles, whiten and moisturize the skin, alleviate skin irritation, prevent acne and atopic dermatitis, resist inflammation, prevent hair damage and alopecia, and promote hair growth (Kim et al., 2009).
Ho et al. (1985) investigated the pharmacological properties of onitin, ontinoside and ontisin, the phenolic petrosins isolated from Onychium silculosum.
The predominant effects are inhibition of the contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum. Of these compounds, onitin is the most potent.
The antagonism of onitin against histamine is noncompetitive. Onychiol C, isolated from Onychium japonicum showed antispasmodic activity against histamine-induced contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum and trachea and serotonin-induced contraction of rat fundus strip (Ho et al., 1980).
The flavanone glycoside, onychin in addition to the α-indanone glycoside, wallichoside and the dierpene, onychiol B, isolated from the aerial parts of Onychium japonicum showed activity against P-388 lymphocytic leukemia (Xu et al., 1993).
The chalcone derivative isolated from Onychium japonicum showed cytotoxic activity against the human carcinoma cell lines Hela and BEL-7402 in vitro (Li et al., 2007).
Onychium contiggum is present on the pastures in areas where grazing animals suffer from bovine urinary bladder cancer.
Experimental studies showed that long-term exposure of experimental animals to the plant appeared to cause tumors of the ileum, urinary bladder and mammary glands (Dawra et al., 2001).
Also exposure to the same plant causes increase in lipid peroxidation and alters antioxidant status in urinary bladder of the exposed animals (Sood et al., 2003).
location
egypt