author(s) : Ibrahim A. El Garf, Fahem A. Ahmed and Abdel-Fattah M. Rizk
description
The family Menispermaceae is a large family of about 65 genera and 350 species, distributed in warmer parts of the world. The members of this family are mostly herbs or shrubs but rarely trees (Semwal et al., 2010).
Genera Count
represented in egypt with Genera
Species
represented in egypt with Species
The species of this family contain alkaloids (mainly of the benzyl-isoquinoline type), in addition to sterols, terpenes, phenolics and other compounds. There are several reviews on some species of the family Menispermaceae e.g., genus Stephania (Semwal et al., 2010), Tinospora cordifolia (Singh and Chaudhuri, 2017; Sharma et al., 2019) and Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (Ahmad et al., 2016). There is a review which deals with the phytochemistry and pharmacological studies of the family Menispermaceae (Meenu and Radhakrishnan, 2020). Among the 22 different class of alkaloids reported from the family, benzylisoquinoline types are the most abundant present, atropine alkaloids are in the second place and protoberberine alkaloids are the third most abundant (Meenu and Radhakrishnan, 2020).
The leaves of Tiliacora triandra Diels are often used in traditional Thai medicine as antipyretic and anticancer agents (Rattana et al., 2016). In Sudan, the whole plant of Tinospora bakis (Erg-El-Hagar) is used for fevers, diarrhoea and dysentery (Ahmed et al., 2010). Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Miers is useful herbal remedy for infections and recurrent fevers, it acts as immunomodulator useful in low immunity, it is useful for cancer of all types, high uric acid and in flu of all types (Sharma et al., 2011). In India, Tinospora cordifolia is used as a tonic and vitalizer, and to treat diabetes, skin, heart diseases, jaundice, rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, leprosy, urinary disorders and dysentery (Singh and Chaudhuri, 2017). Tinospora crispa has been used traditionally in the treatment of jaundice, rheumatism, urinary disorders, fever, malaria, diabetes, internal inflammation, fracture, scabies, hypertension, reducing thirst, increasing appetite, cooling down the body temperature, and maintaining good health (Ahmad et al., 2016). Extracts of Triclisia species have been used medicinally in the treatment of anemia, malaria, diarrhea, joint pains, and swelling of the extremities and as arrow poisons (Spiff et al., 1981). Both Chasmanthera dependens Hochst. and Tinospora caffra (Miers) Troupin are used in ethnoveterinary medicine for anaplasmosis (Gradé et al., 2009).
The crude extracts and isolated compounds of Tinospora crispa possessed a broad range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, antimalarial, cardioprotective and antidiabetic activities (Ahmad et al., 2016). Tinospora cordifolia is reported to possess hepatoprotective, antiulcer and antioxidant, antipyretic, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activities (Singh and Chaudhuri, 2017). The roots of Cissampelos owariensis exhibited anti-tuberculosis activity (Rebecca et al., 2013).
- COCCULUS
location
egypt