Three flavonoid glycosides, demethoxycentaureidin 7-O-β-D-galacturonopyranoside, pectolinarigenin 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1”’→4”)-β-D-glucopyranoside and 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1”’→4”)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, a megastigmane glucoside, byzantionoside B 6′-O-sulfate, a (Z)-hex-3-en-1-ol O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1”→2′)-β-D-glucopyranoside, were isolated from leaves of Ruellia patula, together with 12 compounds, β-sitosterol glucoside, vanilloside, bioside (decaffeoyl verbascoside), acteoside (verbascoside), syringin, benzyl alcohol. O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1”→2′)-β-D-glucopyranoside, cistanoside E, roseoside, phenethyl alcohol, O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1”→2′)-β-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, isoacetoside and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1”→6′)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Samy et al., 2011).Dicoumarol, 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-6-en-3β-ol and compesterol were also identified from Ruellia patula (Muthumani et al., 2009).
The following seventeen compunds were identified from the leaves of Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq.) Nees (syn. Ruellia patula Jacq.): 3,3-dimethyl octane (C10H22, 3.06%), 2,6 dimethyl-6-trifluoroacetoxyoctane (C12H21F3O2, 2.67%), tetradecane (C14H30, 2.86%), 4-hydroxy-2-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, (C6H11NO3, 7.94%), hexadecane (C16H34, 6.68%), octadecane (C18H38, 4.93%), 1-2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis (2-methylpropyl) ester (C16H22O4, 8.02%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (C17H34O2, 3.21%), dibutyl phthalate (C16H22O4, 7.75%), n-hexadecanoic acid (C16H32O2, 13.41%), hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (C18H36O2, 6.49%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (C18H32O2, 4.24%), 9,12,15- octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (C19H32O2, 9.66%), linoleic acid ethyl ester (C20H36O2, 4.13%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (C20H34O2, 3.82%), octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (C20H40O2, 1.22%), 1,2- benzene dicarboxylic acid diisooctyl ester (C24H38O4, 9.89%) (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2011).
The nutritive constituents of the leaves of Dipteracanthus patulus were ash, 5.6, crude fat, 1.13; protein, 4.9, total carbohydrates, 62.8; and crude fiber, 1.4% (Manikandan and Doos, 2010).Dipteracanthus patulus exhibits antioxidant activity (Manikandan and Doos, 2010).